Sigmund Freud
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佛洛依德
Sigmund Freud |
簡介
當佛洛依德(Sigmund Freud, 1856~1939)還是醫學院學生時，於醫學各個分支中，他對精神病學(Psychiatry)就特別情有獨衷。他最初從事的工作是研究一種低等魚類的脊髓，後來將此項工作擴展到研究人類中樞神經系統，並選擇延腦作為主要研究課題。於延腦解剖實驗中，發現其神經通路的方向及神經核起源；加以研究神經方面疾病，將病理解剖的成就更向前推進一大步，此時這門學問開始與其他更精細的醫學分支區分開，而有今所謂的精神病理學(Neuropathology)。同時亦對兒童單側和雙側大腦麻痺、失語症方面研究大感興趣，因此早期有多篇論文都是關於這一方面的研究。
精神官能症心理學是佛洛依德最被後世所稱道的貢獻；他認為抵抗、壓抑、潛意識的病理學意義，以及幼兒經驗的重要性理論，其間相互關連亦相互影響，此即構成精神分析理論的主要成分。早期於醫學、語言學方面的基本研究，也終能在跨領域的心理學方面開花結果。
相關學術著作
1891.On Aphasia.
1893.On the Psychical Mechanism of Hysterical Phenomena.
1894. The Neuro-Psychoses of Defence.
1895a. A Project for a Scientific Psychology.
1895b. Studies on Hysteria.
1896. The Aetiology of Hysteria.
1898. Sexuality in the Aetiology of
the Neuroses.
1899. Screen Memories.
1900. The Interpretation of Dreams.
1901. On Dreams.
1904. The Psychopathology of Everyday Life.
1905a. Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious.
1905b. Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality.
1907. Delusions and Dreams in
Jensen's Gradiva.
1908a. The Sexual Enlightenment of Children.
1908b. Character and Anal Erotism.
1908c. On the Sexual Theories of Children.
1908d. "Civilized" Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Illness.
1908e. Creative Writers and
Day-Dreaming.
1909a. Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy.
1909b. Notes upon a Case of
Obsessional Neurosis.
1910a. Five Lectures on
Psycho-Analysis.
1910b. Leonardo da Vinci and a Memory
of his Childhood.
1910c. The Antithetical Meaning of
Primal Words.
1911. Psycho-Analytic Notes on an
Autobiographical Account of a Case of Paranoia (Dementia Paranoides)
1912. On the Universal Tendency to
Debasement in the Sphere of Love.
1915a. Repression.
1915b. The Unconscious.
1923a. The Ego and the Id.
1923b. A Seventeenth-Century
Demonological Neurosis.
1925. An Autobiographical Study.
摘自於Sigmund Freud Museum Vienna Homepage
相關連結及參考資料
Freudian Links: An Index of Freud and Psychoanalysis related Resources