¶ñªÅµü~verbal filler
¡@
^»y¤¤ªº¶ñªÅµü¬O¥u¦bÁ¿¸Ü®É¥X©ó¬YºØ»Ýn¡AÄ´¦p»¡¦]«ä¸ô¨S¦³²Õ´¦n¡A©Î¥u»Ýn¶i¤@¨B»¡©úè¤~»¡¹L¤F¸Üµ¥¡A¦Ó¨Ï¥Îªº¤@¨Çµü»y©Îµo¥Xªº¬Y¨ÇÁnµ¡A½Ñ¦p¡¦anyway¡¦, ¡¦I mean¡¦, ¡¦you see¡¦, ¡¥er¡¦, ¡¥mm¡¦, ¡¦um¡¦µ¥µü¡C¥Ñ©ó³o¨Çµü»y©Îµo¥XªºÁnµ¨S¦³¤@Ó¯S©wªºµü¸q¡A¦]¦¹¤£¤Ö»y¨¥¾Ç®a¥L̺٤§¬°¡¨µL·N¸qªº¶ñªÅµü¡]empty filler¡^¡¨¡A¦ý¬O¥L̦b¬Y¨Ç³õ¦X¬O§_¤@·§³£ÄÝ¡¨µL·N¸q¡¨¡A¦Ó§Ú̲{¦b´N³o¤@°ÝÃD°µ¤@±´°Q¡C
§Ú̦b«e±¤w¸g¤ÀªR¤F¦ÛµM»y¨¥ªº¯SÂI¡A±q¹ê½î¤¤Æ[¹î¡A^»y¤¤ªº¶ñªÅµü¦b³oÃþ¦ÛµM»y¨¥¤¤¨Ï¥Î¤Î¨ä´¶¹M¡A´X¥G¦b¤T¨¥¨â»y¤¤¤]¤Ö¤£¤F³o¨Ç¶ñªÅµü¡A¥L̤£¶È¯à°_¨ì¬ï°w¤Þ½uªº§@¥Î¡A¦Ó¥B¥Î¦b¤£¦P³õ¦X¡A§t¦³¤£¦Pªº·N¸q¡Cȱo¤@´£ªº¬O¡A§Ú̦b^»yÅ¥»¡±Ð¾Ç¤¤Á`¬O¥H³W½dªº¤f»yÅ鬰·Ç÷¡C¤@ª©»¡¡A³oÃþ¹ï¸Üµ²ºc¤ñ¸ûÄY±K¡A«Ü¤Ö¦³»y¨¥ªº¿ù»~¡F¦]¦¹§Ú̾ǥͥѩ󤣲ߺD©ó«D¥¿¦¡³õ¦X¨Ï¥Îªº¦ÛµM»y¨¥¡A©¹»R·|³y¦¨¤£¤Ö²z¸Ñ¤Wªº¿ù»~¡C¨s¨äì¦]¡A¤j¥b¬O¹ï³o¨Ç¶ñªÅµü»{ÃѤ£±Ú¡A²z¸Ñ¤£°÷¡A³o¬O§Ú̦b±Ð¾Ç¤W¤£¥i©¿µøªº¤@Ó°ÝÃD¡C
¡]1¡^ ¶ñªÅµüªº§@¥Î¡]function of verbal fillers¡^
¨º»ò¡A¦b¦ÛµM»y¨¥¤¤¶ñªÅµü¨s³º¯à°_¤°»ò§@¥Î©O¡H¹ï¤@©w¶qªº¦ÛµM»y¨¥¿ýµ¶i¦æ¤ÀªR«á¡A§ÚÌ»{¬°³o¨Ç¶ñªÅµü¦³¥H¤U´X¤è±§@¥Î¡G
i. ªí¥Ü»¡¸Ü¤H§Y±N´N¬YÓ°ÝÃD°µ¥X¦^µª¡]serving as a signal that a reply is forthcoming¡^¡Ð¡Ð¦³¨Ç»¡¸Ü¤H¦A¨³³t¦^µª¬YÓ°ÝÃD®É¡A©¹©¹¥ý¥Î¤@Ó¶ñªÅµü¡A¦p¡¨well¡¨, ¡¨er¡¨µ¥¡AµM«á¤~Á¿¥X¦^µªªº¤º®e£»¨Ò¦p¡G
mm,¡Ï I¡¦m not sure.
erm¡Ï yes, ¡Ï this is so.
well¡Ï it¡¦s a hopeful sign.
¤W¨Ò¤¤ªº²Å¸¹¡¦¡Ï¡¦ªí¥Ü³q±`¨CÓ¶ñªÅµü«án¦³¤@Ó°±¹y¡AµM«á¦b°µ¥¿¦¡¦^µª¡C
ii. ªí¥Ü»¡¸Ü¤H¸Õ±´©Êªº·N¨£¡]expressing a personal tentative opinion¡^¡Ð¡Ð¦³®É»¡¸Ü¤H¨Ã¤£ª½±µ¦^µª¤@Ó°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¥ý¥Î¤@Óµu»y¡]¦p I think¡^¨Ó¶}©l¥LªºÁ¿¸Ü¡Aªí¥Ü¤@Ó¸Õ±´©Êªº·N¨£¡C¦p¡G
I think there is a growing tendency amongst¡Ïperhaps¡Ïyour people anyway.
ÅãµM¡A¦p¨Ï¥Î³oÃþ¶ñªÅµü¥i¨Ï½Í¦R¤£¹L¤Àª½²v©Î¥Íµw¡A¦³®É¥i½w©M½Í¸Üªº®ðª^¡C
iii. ªí¥Ü¤@ºØ¦@¦Pªº³]·Q¡]indicating a common assumption¡^¡Ð¡Ð¦³®É¬Y¨Ç¶ñªÅµü¡A¦p¡¦no doubt¡¦, ¡¦of course¡¦µ¥¡Aªí¥Ü¤@ºØ¤j®a¤@¦Ü¤½»{ªº·N¨£¡C¨Ò¦p¡G
That sort of thing¡Ïof course¡Ï has its effect all the way through.
ȱo¤@´£ªº¬O¡A³oºØ¶ñªÅªº¥Îªk©~µM¸g±`¥X²{¦b¦è¤è°ê®aªº¹qµø¼s§i¤¤¡A¥u¦b¨Ï¹qµøÆ[²³ÀY¸£¤¤³y¦¨¤@ºØ¦L¶H¡A¤Î©Ò«Å¶Çªº²£«~¬O¥²¶·ªº¡BÀu½èªº¡Aµ¥µ¥¡A¨Ò¦p¦b¥À¿Ë¸`«e¤i¡Aµ§ªÌ¦b°ê¥~¹qµø¼s§i¤¤Å¥¨ì¤U¦C¹ï¸Ü¡G
¡Ðwhat present did you buy for your mum?
¡ÐOf course, Sunbean drier.¡]¤@ºØ¹q§j·¾¹¡^
¼Æ¤ë«á¦b¤÷¿Ë¸`«e¤i¡A¦P¼Ëªº¹ï¸Ü¤S¥X²{¦b¹qµø¼s§i¤¤¡A¥u¬O´«¤FÓ°Ó«~¦WºÙ¦Ó¤w¡C¸Õ¬Ý
¡ÐWhat present did you buy for your dad?
¡ÐOf course, Cover portable typewriter.(¤@ºØ¤é¥»²£ªº¤â´£¥´¦r¾÷)
iv. ªí¥Ü¾¨ºÞ»¡¸Ü¤H¦bªí¹F¤W¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A¦ý¥L¤´nÁ¿¤U¥h(indicating that a speaker, though in trouble, is still holding the floor)¡Ð¡Ð¦³®ÉÔ»¡¸Ü¤H¥Î¶ñªÅµü¨Ó¦V¥LªºÅ¥²³¶Ç¹F¤@«h«H®§¡AÁöµM¹J¨ì¤F¤@¨Çªí¹F¤Wªº°ÝÃD¡A¦ý¥L¤£·Q°±¤îÁ¿¸Ü¡A¦¹®É¥L¥t´«¤@ºØªí¹F¤è¦¡¡G
Of course¡Ïwhat I¡¦m going to say¡Ïlet¡¦s look at it this way.
¡]2¡^ ¶ñªÅµüÁ|¨Ò (Example of verbal filters)
¡]3¡^ ¤W±©Ò½Íªº´XӤ豽T¹ê¦b¦ÛµM¨¥»y·í¤¤°_¨ì¿n·¥»²§U§@¥Î¡C¤U±¥ç´N¬Y¨Ç¶ñªÅµüªº¥Dn¥yªk¡B»yµ©M§t¸q§@¤@²Ê²¤¤¶²Ð¡C
1) Well ³oÓµü¤@¯ë¥X²{¦b¤@Ӹܻy (discourse)¤ºªº¶}©l®É¡A¦³®É¤]¥i¯à¥X²{¦b¤¤¶¡¡C¨Ï¥Î³o¤@¶ñªÅµü®É°È»Ýª`·Nµ½Õ¤Îµ½ÕÅܤơC (pitch and contour)
i. ¥Î¦b½Í¸Ü¶}©l®É¡A¨Ò¦p¡G
Well, I wouldn¡¦t quite say that
·í»¡¸Ü¤H¥Î½wºC¡B©ìªøªº¤É½Õ©Î°½Õ»¡¥X¦¹¥yªºwell®É¡A¥L·t¥Ü¤@ºØ ¡§«O¯d¡¨ (reservation) ©Î ¡§ºÃ°Ý¡¨ (doubt) ªººA«×¡A³o®Éwell¥i²z¸Ñ¬° ¡¥I¡¦m sorry I have to say this, but¡K¡¦¡F¥Î¥Án½Õ (level tone) »¡¥Xwell®É¡A«hªí¥Ü ¡§Àu¬X¹èÂ_¡¨ ©Î¬G·N¥Î³oºØ»y½Õ¨ÓÅã¥Ü¤@ºØ±yµMªº«ººA¡A¨Ï½Í¸Ü¯à¦b»´§Öªº®ðª^¤¤¶i¦æ¤U¥h¡C
ii. ¥Î¦b¤¤¶¡®É¡A¨Ò¦p¡G
As he came in, he, well, stumbled¡K
·í»¡¸Ü¤H¥Î¸û§Öªº¤f®ð (in a rapid clipped manner)»¡¥Xwell®É¡A·t¥Ü¥L·QÄ~Äò³¯z¤U¥h¡C
iii. ¦b»P¨ä¥L¶ñªÅµü³s¥Î®É¡G
well ¥Î¦b½Í¸Ü¶}©l®É¡A«á±¥i¸ò¨ä¥Lªº¶ñªÅµü¡C¨Ò¦p¡G
Well, you know, I don¡¦t mean that.
Well¥Î¦b¤¤¶¡®É¡A¥i¥Î¥t¥~¤@¶ñªÅµü¸m©ó¥¦ªº«e±¡A³o®É¦b³o¨âÓ¶ñªÅµü¤§¶¡¤@¯ën¦³¤@Óµu¼Èªº°±¹y (a brief pause)¡C¨Ò¦p¡G
Yes, well, I don¡¦t mean that.
I mean, well, not this one.
·íwell»P¨ä¥L¶ñªÅµü¹B¥Î®É¡A¤£½×¦b½Í¸Ü¶}©l©Î¤¤¶¡³£ªí¥Ü ¡§ÅCÃÜ¡¨ ¡A¤@¯ë³£¥H¸û§Öªº¤f®ð»¡¥Xwell¡C
iv. ¦³®Éwell¥i¥Hªí¥Ü¶¡±µªº°T®§ (indirect information)¡C¦b°Q½×¦p
¦ó¦^µª ¡§Did you break my princeless Ming vase?¡¨ ¦b³o¤@°ÝÃD®É¡A®Ú¾Ú¬ü°ê»y¨¥¾Ç®aµÜ¬ì¤Ò(Lakoff) ªº½×z¡A¥i¦³¨âºØ¦^µª¤èªk¡G
a. ²§±`¤¾ªøªº¦^µª¡A¨Ò¦p¡G
I want first of all to state that the answer I am about to give is not complete in ways, but¡K
b. ²¼äªº¦^µª¡A¨Ò¦p¡G
Well. yes.
³oùØwell ªº·N«ä¬Ûµ¥©ó I did, but there are extenuating circumstances.
2) I mean. ³o¤@¶ñªÅµü¥Dn¥Î¨Ó·t¥Ü»¡¸Ü¤H·Q¼á²M¥L¥ý«eªº³¯z¡C¦p¡G
i. µo²{¦b»yµ¡B»yªk©Îµü·J¿ï¾Ü¤W¥X¤F®t¿ù¡C¨Ò¦p¡G
I saw three big + I mean + dogs having a fight there.
ii. ¶}¤f¥X¤F®t¿ù (a false start), ¦]¦¹»Ýn¥©§®¦a¥[¥HªÈ¥¿¡C¨Ò¦p¡G
Mary is in trouble ---- I mean, she is having difficulties.
¬ü°ê»y¨¥¾Ç®a Dubois §â ¡¥I mean¡¦ ºÙ¬° ¡§ªÈ¿ùªº¼Ð°O¡¨ (a correction marker)
iii. ·Q¸É¥R¤@¨ÇÃö©ó¸ÜÃDªº·sªº±¡ªp©Î§ïÅܦۤvªº¬Ýªk¡C¨Ò¦p¡G
I mean you can¡¦t believe a thing he says; he is a dreadful liar.
¦Ü©ó¶ñªÅµü ¡¥I mean¡¦ ªº¦ì¸m¡A¥¦¥i¸m©ó¸Ü»yªº¶}©l¡A¤¤¶¡©Î¥y§À¡C
¥Î©ó¸Ü»y¶}©l®É¡A ¡¥I mean¡¦ ¤@¯ë¥Î°½Õ¡C¨Ò¦p¡GI mean you can¡¦t trust him. ¦³®É¤]¥i¥Î¥Án½Õ¡A«á±µ¤@Óµu¼Èªº°±¹y¡A¨Ò¦p¡G I mean, what¡¦s the best way of doing it. ³o®É ¡¥I mean¡¦ ³q±`ªí¥Ü»¡¸Ü¤H·Q¸É¥R¬Y¨Ç·sªº¤º®eµ¥¡C
¥Î¦b¤¤¶¡©Î¥½§À®É¡A¤]¥i¯à¥Î°½Õ¡C¨Ò¦p¡GYou can¡¦t do things like that, I mean, ³o®É ¡¥I mean¡¦ ªí¥Ü¤£º¡ (discontent)¡B´o«ã (irritation) ©Î²§Ä³ (disapproval)¡C
3) You see. ³oÓ¶ñªÅµü¥i¥X²{¦b¸Ü»y¶}©l®É¡A¤¤¶¡©Î¥½§À¡C
i. ¥Î¦b¸Ü»y¶}©l®É¡A¦p¡GYou see, there¡¦s another side to all this.
·í»¡¸Ü¤H¥Î¸û°ªªºµ½Õ»¡¥X ¡¥you see¡¦®É¡A«hªí¥Ü ¡¥I want you to use your reasoning powers on what I¡¦m about to say¡K¡¦ ©Î ¡¥I¡¦m about to help you to clarify your mind on this problem.¡¦
ii. ¥Î¦b¤¤¶¡®É¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¡¦I am very pleased, you see, that John decided to
come.
³o®Éªº ¡¥you see¡¦ ¥Î³q±`ªºµ½Õ (normal pitch range), ¨ä§t·N¥i²z¸Ñ¬° ¡¥IF you¡¦ve understood what I¡¦ve been saying¡¦ ©Î ¡¥May I ask for permission to continue the line of argument?¡¦ §Y±¹ï«e±ªº³¯z§@¤@Ó¤pµ²¡A©În¨D¯àÄ~Äò´Nª§½×ªº°ÝÃDµoªí·N¨£¡C
(4) You know, ³o¤@¶ñªÅµü¥i¥X²{¦b¸Ü»yªº¶}©l¡A¤¤¶¡©Î¥½§À¡C
i. ¥Î¦b¸Ü»y¶}©l®É¡A¨Ò¦p¡G You know I think we ought to go out this evening.
³o®Éªº¶ñªÅµü ¡¥you know¡¦ ¤@¯ë¨Ï¥Î¸û°ª¡B§Öªºµ½Õ¡A¥¦§t¦³¨âºØ·N¸q¡Ga. ªí¥Ü½Í¸Ü¤H¥¿¦b«ä¦Ò,n¨D¹ï¤èµy§@µ¥«Ý¡A§Y¡G¡¦Wait a moment, I am thinking , and you¡¦ll probably find what I have to say is interesting.¡¦ B.¦³®É¶È¥Î¨Ó¤Þ°_¹ï¤èª`·N©Î½w©MÁ¿¸Üªº»y®ð¡C
ii. ¥Î¦b¤¤¶¡®É¡A¨Ò¦p¡GIt was clear, you know, that he wasn¡¦t going to do it.
³oùØ ¡¥you know¡¦, ©¹©¹¨Ï¥Î³q±`ªºµ½Õ (normal pitch range)¡Aªí¥Ü¡AÁ¿¸Ü¤H·P¨ì¥L¥ý«e³¯zªº¬YÓ³¡¥÷¤£¤Ó²M·¡¡A¦]¦Ó·Q§@¨ÇÅܰʡC¦p¡GI am going to shop now, you know, the one in the corner.
iii. ¥Î¦b¥½§À®É¡A¨Ò¦p¡GHe didn¡¦t want that, you know.ȱoª`·Nªº¬O³oÓ
¦ì¸mªº ¡¥you know¡¦ ¥Ñ©ó¨Ï¥Î¤£¦Pªº»y½Õ¡A·|§t¦³¤£¦Pªº·N«ä¡G¥Î³q
±`µ½Õ (normal pitch range)®É, ªí¥Ü»¡¸Ü¤H·Q¶i¤@¨B¼á²M³¯zªº¤º
®e¡A¦pCynthia is sick, you know.
¨Ï¥Î°ª¤É½Õ (High pitch range) ®É¡A·t¥Ü»¡¸Ü¤Hn¹ï¤è¦P·N¥L¤w³¯z
ªº¤º®e¡A©Î»¡¸Ü¤H³]·Q¹ï¤è¤w»â·|¥LÁ¿¸Üªº´J·N¡C(Implication)¨Ò
¦p¡GSo then we all went to the office by the main gate, you know.
ªí¥Ü¬YºØ¤£¨¥¦Ó³ëªº±¡ªp(presuppose a shared background of
experience), ¨Ò¦p¡GI¡¦ve just been to see Mrs. Jones and you know.
·í ¡¥you know¡¦ ³æ¿W¨Ï¥Î®Én¥Î¤É½Õ¡A ¡¥you¡¦ n«Åª¡A¥¦·t¥Ü ¡§¤ß
·Ó¤£«Å¡¨¤§·N¡A§Y»¡¸ÜÂù¤è³£ª¾¹D¤@¨ÇÃö©óã´µ¤Ò¤Hªº½ì»D¡A¬Æ¦Ü
¦³Ãö¦oªº ¡§¬y¨¥ãò»y¡¨¡C·íµM¡A¶ñªÅµü ¡¥you know¡¦ ªº³oºØ¥Îªk¡A¶È
©ó«D¥¿¦¡³õ¦X¡C
ºî¤W©Òz¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¶ñªÅµü¨Ã«D¬Y¨Ç»y¨¥¾Ç®a©Ò»¡ ¡§µL·N¸q¡¨¡A¦Ó¬O¦b¬Y¨Ç¤£¦P³õ¦X¨ã¦³¤£¦P§t·N¡A¯S§O¬O¦b«O«ù¸Ü»yªº³s³e©Ê¡B½w©M»¡¸Ü¤Hªº»y®ð¡B»¡¸Ü¤H¹ïÅ¥ªÌªººA«×¡B¹ï«D¥¿¦¡¹ï¸Ü±¡´ºªº¦ôpµ¥¤è±ªº¨Ï¥Î¡A§ó¯à¥R¤À°_¨ì»y¨¥¤Wªº¸`«µ©Ê©Mªí¹F©Êªº§@¥Î¡C·í§Ú̱q¨Æ^»y±Ð¾Ç©M¬ã¨s®É¡A¦³¥²n¹ï¶ñªÅµü¤©¥H¨¬°÷«µø¡C
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