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     ¦]¦¹¡ASip4 ¡§sip,°ã[4]¡¨³o­Ó¦r¥i¥H»¡¬OÀÀÅé»y (action verbs)©MÀÀÁn»y ¡]onomatopoeia¡^ªºµ²¦X¡C¡]µù¡Gbiak ¡§ ¬µ¡Afry¡¨³o­Ó¦r¬Oťı¤W©M¨Æ¥óªº³sµ²¡A¦ÓSip4 ¡§sip,°ã¡¨³o­Ó¦r«o¬Oťı¡B¨Æ¥ó¡B¥H¤Î¼L¤Ú¹B°Ê(µo­µµÄ)ªº¤@­Ó³sµ²¡C

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<¥xÆW¸Ü¤jÃã¨å> ¡]³¯­×¥D½s¡A»·¬y¥Xª©ªÀ¡^

Austin, J. L. 1962. How to Do Things with words. Cambridge, Mass:

     Harvard University Press.

Fromkin, Victoria and Rodman, Robert. 1993. An Introduction to

     language.  Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

Ladefoged, Peter. 1993. A Course in Phonetics. Third Edition. Harcourt

     Brace College Publishers.



[1] ¬°¤°»ò­n½Íµü·J¤jÃz¬µ¡Hµü·J¤£¬O¥Ñ¤U¦Ó¤W©Î¥Ñ¯s¦Ó¤U©Ò³Ð³yªº¶Ü¡H³oÅãµM¬O²Ä¤TºØ¿ï¾Ü¡]»Ý­n¦A±´°Q¡A´£¥X­Ó¤Hªº³Ð¨£¡^¡C¨Ò¦p¡AChomsky¹ï»y¨¥ºt¤Æ¬O«ù§_©wºA«×ªº¡Git is perfectly safe to attribute this development to natural selection, so long as we realize that there is no substance to this assertion, that it amounts to nothing than a belief that there is some naturalistic explanation for those phenomena¡KIn studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, foe an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans.

[2] ÀÀÅé»y¬O·s³Ðªº¦Wµü»Ý­n©w¸q²M·¡¡A¥¦»P­^°ê­õ¾Ç®a J.L. Austin(1911-1960) ©Ò´£¥Xspeech acts ªº·§©ÀÃö³s¦p¦ó¡H»Ý­n»¡©ú¡A¦p°Ñ¦Ò many utterances do not communicate information, but are equivalent to actions. When some one says ¡§I apologize¡K¡¨, ¡§I promise¡K¡¨, or ¡§I name this ship¡K,¡¨ the utterance immediately conveys a new psychological or social reality. An apology takes place when someone apologizes, and not before. A ship is named only when the act of naming is complete. In such cases, to say is to perform. Austin thus call these utterances performatives, seeing them as different from statements that convey information(constatives)¡Kwe look at the act that is performed as a result of the speaker making an utterance-the cases where saying=doing, such as betting, promising, welcoming, and warning: these, known as illocutionary acts, are the core of any theory of speech acts.

[3] ¤º§lªk¡G¦b¥x»yùتº¤º§lªk¨Ã¤£©úÅã¡A¤w¸g³Q²H¤Æ¤F¡C¦ý¬O¦b«D¬wªº¤º§lªkÁÙ¬O«Ü±j¯P¡C

[4]  «Ü¦³½ìªº¡A­^¤å³æ¦r¤¤¤]¦³§¹¥þ¦Xªº¨Ò¤l¡A¦p ¡§sip¡¨.