呼吸肌肉 Muscles of Respiration |
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吸氣肌肉 Muscles of Inspiration |
呼氣肌肉 Muscles of Expiration |
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胸廓主肌肉 |
Primary of Thorax |
胸廓、背和上肢 肌肉 |
Muscles of Thorax, Back, and Upper Limb |
橫膈膜 |
Diaphragm |
(正面) 內肋間肌 |
Internal Intercostal |
胸廓副肌肉 |
Accessory of Thorax |
(正面)胸橫肌 |
Transversus Thoracis |
(正面)外肋間肌 |
External Intercostal |
(背面)肋下肌 |
Subcostal |
(正面)內肋間肌 |
Internal Intercostal |
(背面) 後下鋸肌 |
Serratus Posterior Inferior |
(背面)肋間提肌 |
Levatores Costarum |
(背面) 內肋間肌 |
Innermost Intercostal |
(背面)後上鋸肌 |
Serratus Posterior Superior |
(背面)背闊肌 |
Latissimus Dorsi |
頸部肌肉 |
Muscles of Neck |
腹部肌肉 |
Abdominal Muscles |
胸鎖乳頭肌 |
Sternocleidomastoid |
(正面)腹橫肌 |
Transversus Abdominis |
斜角肌 |
Scalenus |
(正面)腹內斜肌 |
Internal Oblique Abdominis |
斜方肌 |
Trapezius |
(正面)腹外斜肌 |
External Oblique Abdominis |
胸、背和上肢肌肉 |
Muscles of Thorax, Back, and Upper Limb |
(正面)腹直肌 |
Rectus Abdominis |
胸大肌 |
Pectoralis Major |
(背面)腰方骨肌 |
Quadratus Lumborum |
胸小肌 |
Pectoralis Minor |
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前鋸肌 |
Serratus Anterior |
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鎖骨下肌 |
Subclavius |
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提肩甲骨肌 |
Levator Scapulae |
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大菱形肌 |
Rhomboideus Major |
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小菱形肌 |
Rhomboideus Minor |
吸氣肌肉和呼氣肌肉
當進行呼吸作用時,不僅需要呼吸器官的運作,呼吸肌肉的協助也不可少○
吸氣肌肉: 吸氣是一種主動過程,其須要靠主動收縮使胸腔擴大,使肺內壓力降低;當肺內壓力低於大氣壓時,空氣便會吸入肺中○
正常時的吸氣(quiet inspiration)由橫膈膜和外肋間肌負責,當橫膈膜收縮和外肋間肌收縮時,橫膈膜位置向下且胸腔同時向外和向上運動○ 胸腔體積變大,相對地,壓力變小,大氣的空氣就被吸進肺中○
在用力吸氣或深呼吸(forced inspiration)時,除了橫膈膜收縮外,還需吸氣輔助肌—胸索乳突肌、斜方肌、斜角肌和外肋間 肌的協助○ 胸索乳突肌的收縮使得胸骨往上提,斜角肌的收縮使得上位肋骨往上提;這些肌肉收縮的結果使得胸闊上舉,胸腔空間擴大到極限○
呼氣肌肉: 呼氣同樣是因為壓力差的緣故,但呼氣是因為肺內壓力大過大氣壓○
正常時的呼氣(passive expiration),並沒有肌肉的收縮,當橫膈膜和外肋間肌鬆弛時,胸腔變小,肺內壓力變大,因而空氣由體內吐出○
當用力呼氣(active expiration)或氣流受到阻礙時,負責呼氣的內肋間肌和腹肌開始收縮;內肋間肌收縮使肋骨往下移,而腹肌收縮也使肋骨往下移壓迫腹腔內臟,迫使橫膈膜往上凸,而使得胸腔體積縮到最小,肺內壓增至最大,體內氣體大量呼出○
Adapted from Seikel and King's Anatomy and Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing, 2000